Where pasture production is the intended land use of the areas to be reclaimed, the creation of a suitable growing medium is a major objective. To achieve this land reclaimers require a sound understanding of the proposed mining plan and a knowledge of the physical, biological and chemical properties of materials intended for resurfacing disturbed areas. Where the original soil is not being replaced in its natural state, research is usually required to determine an alternative growing medium. Results from field research conducted on waste material from the Waihi Gold mine are reported with emphasis on the significance of soil depth in relation to pasture production in this environment. Problems in extrapolating field research to large scale operations are also considered._x000D_
Essentially the requirements for successful pasture production, on surrogate growing medium, are akin to conventional approaches used in New Zealand in the development of unimproved agricultural land._x000D_
High inputs of fertiliser are initially needed, especially where volcanic soil is used, and careful management of pastures and soils is required to minimise soil erosion and create a sustainable system. In the first three to five years of pasture production, grazing use of the land requires to be dictated by pasture availability and soil conditions and not by animal feed requirements. The use of light stock (young dairy or sheep) is recommended._x000D_
Successful land restoration requires a team approach by a range of cooperative specialists including engineers, soil scientists, farm managers, agricultural contractors, landscape architects and environmental officers.