1991 saw the completion of a three-year $1.1 million research and development program in mineral sands beneficiation, funded in two associated projects by the Australian mineral sands industry through AMIRA, and carried out by the Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre. It is believed to be the largest R&D project in mineral sands ever conducted by a university research group. It covered dry plant operation, and delivered several products to the industrial sponsors, including: A detailed characterisation of the radiation properties, mineralogy and size distribution of inhaleable dust arising in dry plants. New process models of magnetic and electrostatic separators. New on-line instruments for elemental assay (in association with AMDEL) and bulk conductivity measurements of dry process streams. Demonstration and evaluation of the Magstream magnetohydrostatic separation technology.