Quarries around Auckland have reached or are reaching the ends of their lives, which raises issues about rehabilitation. Significant volumes of 'cleanfill' are generated by the City, particularly during phases of urban renewal and development. Emplacement of the fill in quarries removes the problem of fill disposal and provides an opportunity for restoration of the quarry site._x000D_
There is a compatibility between quarrying and cleanfilling because at quarries: Truck routes are already established Neighbours are accustomed to the effects and appropriate buffer distances have been established Bringing fill into a site attracts aggregate sales and is very efficient._x000D_
Fill originates from construction sites and ad-hoc excavations and therefore it is not surprising that sampling has shown the quality to be variable. Both Winstone and the Auckland Regional Council have surveyed undisturbed soils in the region to attempt to determine natural background levels of common contaminant substances. Comparison of these levels with delivered fill shows that a high proportion of delivered materials can be regarded as mildly contaminated. Therefore the term 'cleanfill' is, in the Auckland region at least, a misnomer and the term 'managed fill' has been adopted._x000D_
Historically and presently the only control on quality of 'cleanfill' has been some visual inspection. This leaves the fill operator open to potential liability for creating a contaminated site. Implementation of controls at Winstone's operations has progressed slowly, over some ten years. This is mainly due to the perception that mobility of contaminants within and out of the landfill will be very limited because of the near-neutral pH and abundance of clay minerals in the fill._x000D_
The methods of control and results of environmental risk assessments at Winstone's Puketutu Island Quarry will be briefly described.