Conference Proceedings
Application of Computers & Operations Research in the Minerals Industry (APCOM) Proceeding 2025
Conference Proceedings
Application of Computers & Operations Research in the Minerals Industry (APCOM) Proceeding 2025
Comparative analysis of underground geological mapping - traditional methods versus LiDAR scanning with Apple devices and survey-grade laser scanners
Geological mapping in underground mining has traditionally relied on manual tools such as tapes, clinorules, compasses, and notebooks. However, advancements in digital technology present alternatives that improve efficiency, accuracy, and integration with mine planning systems. This study evaluates three geological mapping methods, traditional manual techniques, Apple iPad Pro and iPhone Pro LiDAR scanning, and survey-grade laser scanners, in underground mining environments. Testing was undertaken at Mponeng Gold Mine, Maseve Platinum Mine, and simulated mining tunnels at the University of the Witwatersrand and the University of Johannesburg. Findings reveal that while survey-grade laser scanners provide the highest accuracy, their cost and operational complexity limit their widespread use for geological mapping especially in narrow, confined stopes. Apple's LiDAR-enabled devices, though constrained by a 5 m scanning range, offer a cost-effective and practical alternative for geological mapping, enabling geologists to rapidly capture 3D face maps with minimal equipment. The study also presents workflows for integrating LiDAR-derived geological and production data into mine planning software. Overall, the research highlights the potential for consumer-grade LiDAR to modernise underground geological mapping, offering a balance between accuracy, cost, and ease of use. There are also safety benefits gained by the geologist being able to remain back from the immediate face vicinity. The findings have led to the adoption of iPhone Pro Maxes for geological mapping at Mponeng Mine.
Contributor(s):
C Birch, H Grobler, A Olivier
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- Published: 2025
- Unique ID: P-04758-J3N8K1