ABSTRACT When optimising production scheduling of open pit mines, there are three main mine production scheduling interconnected stages that are generally considered. These are long-term (LT), medium- term (MT) and short-term (ST) production scheduling stages. Since the early applications of optimisation techniques in mine planning in the 1960s, several exact and/or approximate approaches have been applied to solve the mine production scheduling problem. However, most of these optimisation approaches have been used to optimise either LT, MT or ST production scheduling as standalone stages. This can be detrimental to holistic optimisation of the overall scheduling system as each separately optimised stage can be spatially and/or temporally misaligned with its consecutive upstream or downstream scheduling stage. A misaligned production scheduling system can result in undesirable outcomes such as mineral resource sterilisation or reduced net present value (NPV). However, when production scheduling stages are aligned, the overall production scheduling system can ensure that LT objectives are achieved at MT scheduling horizons, and in turn, MT objectives are also achieved at ST scheduling horizons. This paper used a PRISMA-based bibliometric mapping of production scheduling optimisation approaches and revealed that since the 1960s, the focus has mainly been on optimising the production scheduling stages in isolation, hence future research can focus on integrated approaches. The paper presents a case study example which demonstrates that an integrated LT to MT production scheduling system generates comparable NPVs to when the stages are optimised in isolation, while achieving improved spatial and/or intertemporal alignment between consecutive scheduling stages. Lastly, as part of future research work towards holistic production scheduling optimisation, the paper proposes extensions to the integrated LT to MT production scheduling model by including the ST scheduling stage and feedback loops that enable updating of the production scheduling system from ST to MT and MT to LT when changes occur.