Underground coal mining is the dominant method of extracting thermal and coking coal in the southern and western coalfields of New South Wales. Monitoring mining-related subsidence forms an important component of environmental impact assessments and subsidence management plans, particularly when there are conflicts between the interests and requirements of mining and environment and community groups. However, there are few specific guidelines for monitoring the impacts of subsidence on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, leading to inconsistent policy approaches and highly variable abilities of monitoring programs to accurately detect biological change.This paper highlights the use of a conceptual framework to guide the development of a long-term ecological monitoring program at an underground coalmine in the Western Blue Mountains, New South Wales. Two pilot studies are described: determining the level of observer agreement to assess the condition of a vulnerable tree species (Capertee Stringybark) comparing field sampling methods for detecting a rare heath shrub, Epacris muelleri, using a power analysis to determine sampling intensity requirements._x000D_
These examples demonstrate that investment in initial pilot studies to test different monitoring approaches can have long-term benefits for stakeholders by more confidently being able to detect potential impacts.CITATION:McCaffrey, NB,Glenn, V, Erskine, PD, Johns,Cand Fletcher, AT, 2014. Detecting long-term ecological impacts of subsidence from underground coal mining - a tale of two pilot tests, in Proceedings Life-of-Mine 2014, pp 139-152 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).