To avoid the costs of conflict, mining companies have increasingly been signing agreements with affected communities. The communities sign in order to safeguard their historic rights to territory, protect the natural habitat, and generate economic opportunities. These agreements, which we refer to as benefit-sharing agreements (BSAs), help to lay out the rights and responsibilities of each side, as well as the institutional arrangements to govern the agreement.BSAs also determine how mining companies and affected communities share in the profits created by the project. Each host community, in negotiating a BSA with a mining company, must make trade-offs between various potential benefit streams. Such benefit streams can include preferential access to contracting opportunities for local rms, guarantees of direct employment for local individuals, and financial payments to the community. CITATION:Adebayo, E and Werker, E, 2019. Estimating the value of benefits in benefit-sharing agreements, in Proceedings 9th International Conference on Sustainable Development in the Minerals Industry, pp 126128 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).