Tunnels are being built around the world using TBMs and prefabricated segments or in situ concrete as linings._x000D_
Clients demand high quality of these linings to guarantee a long-term stability and density of the tunnels._x000D_
This paper describes the development and the use of segmental lining systems, including joints, important design criteria, installation procedures, possible mistakes and consequences, repair works and final results for different sites in Europe and around the world._x000D_
The experience on these sites shows that damages may occur, if some essential aspects are not considered. These aspects include: parameters of the TBMs and back-up equipment such as fixation of jacking rams, movement of the back-up on the lining or ring reformer; parameters of the segments such as quality of moulds, quantity of reinforcement or structure of the joints; and parameters of the tunnel drive such as advance rate, ring-gap grouting or experience of the tunnel crew._x000D_
All these aspects have to be considered very carefully in detail to get a good lining accepted in total.