Results obtained from small scale tests using Australian tin concentrates indicate that metallic tin containing less than 01 per cent iron can be recovered by a two-stage process using hydrogen and make-up chlorine. In the first stage the concentrate is ground,. pelletized, roasted, and reacted at 650C with HCI and H2 to volatilize the tin as SnOI2. The volatilization reaction is conducted with cocurrent gas and solids flow because it was found that the use of cocurrent flow yielded a solids residue substantially free from FeCI2. The second stage uses a technique termed "reflux reduction" during which the SnOl2 produced by volatilization is reduced by hydrogen to form tin and a gas containing HCI and H2 of sufficiently high HCI tenor for recycle to the volatilization stage. The elimination of tin ranged from 98+ to 997+ per cent of the tin from concentrates containing 5 to 50 per cent tin, respectively. The process should be capable of continuous operation, and a tentative calculation has shown ,that a treatment rate of 12,000 tonnes of tin concentrate per year could be obtained in a volatilization reactor 11 m in diameter and 61 m high. The process may have particular application to finely divided concentrates containing less than 20 per cent tin.