Australian iron ore producers are turning to lower grade, goethite-rich iron ores containing phosphorus (P) to meet steel demand as high-grade deposits are depleted. These iron ores are considered less desirable when P exceeds certain thresholds due to the negative impact P has on steel quality and production. Iron ore producers currently blend high-P and low-P ores to dilute P concentrations and limit penalties. This strategy will be challenged as new supply enters the market, and as steel makers increasingly turn to higher iron (Fe), lower gangue products, in response to the drive to decarbonise the steel industry (MCA, 2021). Iron ore dephosphorisation prior to steelmaking offers an alternative pathway to develop a high Fe, low P product that is competitive in the global market. Successful development of these processes relies on having a comprehensive understanding of the deportment of P within iron ores, and there are several physical, chemical, mineralogical, and textural analytical techniques that are suitable for characterising iron ores.