The use of options theory in business has become well established in recent years and is currently one of the most exciting areas of current finance research. The theory can be used to value levered firms, and streams of contingent payments. This technique also has very practical applications in the areas of capital investment analysis and the valuation of equities in the natural resource industry. The use of options theory has been well accepted and used for many years in the trading of commodity options and futures contracts, in banking and insurance and in other industries. It also can be used to value such diverse contingent claims problems as the income tax liabilities of the firm and share underwriting agreements._x000D_
Its application to the more complex options, such as those present in the resource industry, is only now becoming known. This lag is, at least partially, due to the difficult mathematics involved in solving complex options problems._x000D_
Another factor is the almost overwhelming abundance of uncertainties, such as grade, tons and other natural risks, which must be considered in the evaluation mining projects.