Supporting the sustainable battery-grade materials supply chain: selected challenges and proposed ways to address them
For the last three decades, rechargeable battery technologies were growing mostly through incremental improvements in energy, power, cost, etc. This steady growth occurred in parallel to an exponential growth in market demand for batteries, with multiple battery applications defined by varied requirements (energy, power, footprint, etc.). The shortage of critical minerals opened the door for energy storage diversity, but also complicated the technology landscape. Currently, the technology landscape is defined by the struggle between technology diversity and the need for standardisation.